Traditional Tibetan medicine is based on the "theory of three factors." The theory centers around the "seven substances" and "three excrements" of the human body. The three factors are lung, chiba , and peigen; the seven substances include diet, blood, flesh, fat, bone, marrow, and seminal fluid; and the three excrements are sweat, urine and stool. When a person is in good health, the relations between the three factors, seven substances and three excrements are in good balance. Keeping balance is an important principle of traditional Tibetan medicine.
Traditional Tibetan medicine is based on traditional Tibetan culture and thus incorporates life science (combination of heaven, earth and human beings) into its theories. Traditional Tibetan medicine differs from medical traditions of other ethnic groups and modern medicine.
Representative Personages
Yutog Yoindain Goinbo, founder of traditional Tibetan medicine, is among the 200 famous Tibetan doctors recorded in the Four Medical Classics. Yutog wrote more than 20 medical works and presided over the compilation of the Four Medical Classics and related annotations. He laid a solid foundation for the development of traditional Tibetan medicine. He also established the first Tibetan medicine training school.
Dainzin Puncog, a famous pharmacologist, had a unique understanding of more than 2,000 medicinal ingredients, including plants, minerals, animals, and gems produced on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. He traveled extensively and compiled pharmacological works Jingzhu Materia Medica and Selected Practical Works on Pharmaceutics. He also trained a large number of medical personnel.
Sanggyai Gyamco was a famous doctor during the rule of the fifth Dalai Lama. His representative works include Blue Glaze, which corrected the errors in the Four Medical Classics. His annotations on the Four Medical Classics are the most authoritative. He made a series of hanging charts on the Four Medical Classics and established a medical school to train doctors. Other well-known Tibetan doctors include Kyenrab Norbu, Gyiba Cewang, Budong, and Qamba Chinlai.
Representative Brand Names of Tibetan Medicines
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau produces more than 3,000 different medicinal materials of traditional Tibetan medicine. After China adopted reform policies in 1978, the central government invested 200 million yuan in two large, modern pharmaceutical plants in Tibet and Qinghai equipped with advanced facilities. More than 20 pharmaceuticals produced by these plants were listed in the 1995 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China .
Representative patent medicines include "72-ingredient pearls," "25-ingredient Pearl Pills," "70-ingredient Coral," "Ruyi Zhenbao Pill," and "20-ingredient Agalloch Eaglewood Pill" for treating heart and brain diseases and disorders; "Rinqen Changjue," "5-ingredient Pomegranate Pill" for treating stomach and intestine diseases, and medicines for treating liver and bone diseases. Four patent medicines, including "70-ingredient Pearl " and "25-ingredient Turquoise Pill," have obtained certificates from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Qizheng-brand "Xiaotongtie" (Pain-Killing Plaster) produced by the Qizheng Tibetan Pharmaceutical Group won a gold medal at the World Invention Exposition held in Geneva.
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